BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

SPECULAR INTERACTIONS 3)

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J.L. VULLIERME states: "The social composition of individual behaviors depends directly from the cognitive reference that each individual makes on himself; but this reference, in turn, necessarily passes through a reference to the way in which others refers themselves to him."

"This kind of mirroring – from here the term "specularity", from "speculum" latin for mirror – is the condition for possible objective modelization" (1990, p 153).

→ "ROBOTS (social)"

The so-called "objective modelization" is thus an intersubjective one, obtained by consensus and through a permanent process of consensuality. Moreover, this process is so automatic as to have remained practically inconcious until the 20th. Century (with some exceptions, as for example, BERKELEY).

The specular interactions are obviously an important mechanism of organizational closure and self-organization.

VULLIERME emits this interesting opinion: "… if some day, truly thinking artificial machines do appear, they will necessarily be socialized machines, i.e. machines able to communicate with others, to construct their self-reference through cross referencing with other; and not machines able to modify themselves only because they would be previously apt to modelize objects" (1990, p.153).

→ ROBOTS (Social)

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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