BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

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ORGANIZATION (Modes of) 2)

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J. FEIBLEMAN and J. FRIEND classify organizations as wholes into various kinds. They write: "The kinds of organization constitute degrees of integrality, as follows:

a) Agglutinative: the governing relation is aseriality, where parts have intransitivity, connexity and symmetry.

b) Participative: the governing relation is seriality.

Participative organizations subdivide into three kinds, as follows:

a) adjunctive: The governing relation is symmetrical independence. The sharing of subparts is not necessary to either of the parts. Parts can survive their separation.

b) subjective: The governing relation is asymmetrical dependence. The sharing of parts is necessary to one of the parts, but not to both.

c) complemental: The governing relation is symmetrical dependence. The sharing of parts is necessary to both of the parts. Neither part can survive separation…" (1969,p.36).

The authors observe that: "The division of organizations into various kinds is not arbitrary, although there are other classifications that could be made. The present one is made specifically according to the governing relations of the organizations. It needs to be pointed out that this classification is ideal in the sense that no actual organization ever completely answers to it" (1969, p.36).

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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