BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

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The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

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NETWORK (Learning) 2)4)

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G. PASK states that learning networks (which are self-organizing systems – see above Network, Evolutionary) need "… input filters which must be able to detect arbitrarily chosen attributes".(1961, p.86). In the case of the brain, for instance, those arbitrarily chosen attributes are selected through the sense organs: we are able to register red or blue light, but not infrared or ultra-violet one. Moreover, we must be able to pick up distinctions as for example differentiate red and blue, or in natural languages, specific sounds: a, i, u. (Characteristically, these written signs represent different sounds in different languages).

PASK observes moreover: "In our social environment we learn, not new attributes, but the yen to regard certain values of the attribute as identical" (Ibid).

Thus, the English sound 'a' is different from the French 'a' and, even from the Australian or North-American one. What one hears or sees is what one has been culturally trained to hear or see, within the basic genetic determinism of human speech or sight sensorial structures.

The same must be true – even if in a very different setting – for electronic networks constructed to recognize words or sounds.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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