BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

MARKER 2)

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A non-ambiguous sign, used in a model to represent a specific element.

J.von NEUMANN states: "A marker which can appear in ten different forms suffices by itself to represent a decimal digit" (1958, p.6). Of course, such a marker is really a collection of ten markers.

In case of using digital markers (0, 1) if one wants to represent a decimal digit: "A group of three two-valued markers allows 8 combinations; this is inadequate. A group of four such markers allows 16 combinations: this is more than adequate. Hence, groups of at least four markers must be used per decimal digit" (Ibid).

A coherent collection of markers, when given stable and precise values, constitutes a base for a code. The dots and dashes Morse code was one of the first systems using combinations of digital markers.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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