BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

GRAMMAR 1)

← Back

"A set of rules" (R. ROSEN, 1972, p.63).

This term, introduced in this sense by ROSEN, is useful, as it conveys in a kind of short-hand a meaning of interconnected globality.

A grammar prescribes a combinatorics stating admitted congruences, and defines constraints in any communication language.

GRAMMAR 1)3)5)

← Back

"The set of brain programs by which sentences are generated" (J.Z. YOUNG, 1978, p. 293).

Such programs, whose description and even nature are still quite far to be completely understood, are related to at least three aspects of natural languages: the formation of phonemes (elemental sounds), of morphemes (words) and the rules for the construction of sentences.

The construction of meanings seems to be still at a fourth level, since it is perfectly possible to construct appearently well structured sentences, devoid however from any meaning, as for ex. "Ospakat waza umbin sra dnefgo"(which has no sense at all), or the following:

"Mutoto alivunja sahani moya", which is significant in Kiswahili… if your brain did assimilate the meaning code corresponding to that language.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

We thank the following partners for making the open access of this volume possible:

© 2020 BCSSS Contact/Imprint