BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

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CLOSURE (Statistical) 2)

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"The necessity for the collective statistical constraint to close back on the internal, detailed dynamics of the elements of the collection".

This principle has been introduced by H. PATTEE, who explains: "… hierarchical controls arise from a collection of elements, but act on individuals of the collection. The spontaneous appearance of collective constraints must therefore be a statistical property of the collection, but its control behavior must act on the dynamics of individual elements" (1973, p.95-6).

Collective constraints are the factors that institute social coherence, precisely because they are at the same time reciprocal and global. Ergodic phenomena appear in this way.

This already shows in fish schools (D. RITZ, 1991) and in locusts flights, but becomes stronger in anthills or beehives and, in many new ways, in human societies.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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