BYSTANDER EFFECT 1)
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The effect on other elements of some input into one element in a system.
This effect has been observed in human biological systems where "cells that suffer a direct hit from radiation alter the level of gene activity in neighbouring cells" (Jack LITTLE, quoted by R. EDWARDS, p. 22, 1998).
This implies some communication between these cells, probably "through chemical messengers" (Ibid.)
Conversely, where there is a communication link, a bystander effect is probably possible. A search for bystander effects in societies should eventually be rewarding.
Categories
- 1) General information
- 2) Methodology or model
- 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
- 4) Human sciences
- 5) Discipline oriented
Publisher
Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).
To cite this page, please use the following information:
Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]
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