BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

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BIOLOGICS 2)5)

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"A field of research intended… to establish super-additive nonlinear composition rules for the elements of living systems" (I.V. BLAUBERG, V.N. SADOVSKY & E.G. YUDIN, 1977, p.160).

This field was introduced by H.von FOERSTER (1958, p.240-255), who spoke of "biological computers" and established the differences between the ways of internal organization of electronic computers and living systems.

In these, "… as the general case, the function "phi" of the whole exceeds the sum of the functions of the parts:

Φ (x,y) > Φ (x) + Φ (y)

(BLAUBERG et al, p.160).

The subsequent development of biologics led to the concepts of autopoiesis, self-reference, eigen-values and organizational closure, and to a better understanding of neural networks.

More recently, it seems to open the way toward a still more general understanding of social nets and kinds of "social robotics" and highly parallel computing (connection machines).

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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